Textile

............. I have often thought, that probably there might be a way found out, to make an artificial glutinous composition, much resembling, if not fully as good, nay better, than that excrement, or what ever substance it be out of which, the skill warm wire- draws his clew........... This hint..........may give some ingenious person an occasion of making some trials, which if successful...........I suppose he will have no occasion to be displeased.

This speculation on making a filament was written in 1664 by the English physicist Dr Robert Hook in his book Micrographica. It become reality because the contributing scientific investigations being carried out on natural and man made fibers and similar materials.

Textile engineering, also known as textile technology is the study of various principles from engineering and scientific methodologies. These principles are then implemented for the processing and production of all kinds of textile fabric and yarn from textile fibers. This disciple involves extensive study of chemical and physical principles, which is then utilized for the detailed study and analysis of the behavior of polymer involved in the formation of textile fibers.

Any filament, fiber, or yarn can be made into fabric or cloth, and the resulting materials itself. The word originally referred only to woven fabrics but now includes knitted, bonded, felted and tufted fabrics as well.The basic raw materials used in textile production are fibers either obtained from natural sources or produced from chemical substances. 

A material made mainly of natural or synthetic fibers. Modern textile product may be prepared from a number of combination of fibers, yards, films, sheets, foams, furs or leather. They are found in apparel, household and commercial furnishes.

The term fabric can be defined as a thin , flexible material made of any combination of cloth, fiber or polymer. Cloth as a thin, flexible material made from yarns; yarn as a continuous strand of fibers, and fiber as a fine, rod like object in which the length is greater than 100 times the diameter. The bulk of textile products are made from cloth.


Textile products played a crucial part in the American industry revolution. The establishment of organized labor, and the technological development of this country. Once, textile production was simple enough that the entire process could and did take place in the home. Now textiles represent a complex network of interrelated industries that produce fiber, spin yarn, fabricate cloth, and dye, finish, print and manufacture goods.

The textile industry has undergone significant changes in business practices in several key areas, labor relations, trade practices, product leveling, product safety, and environmental and antipollution measures has been subjects of public security.

Once farmers gave up rural self-sufficiency, they had to adapt to a mill whistle rather than the rhythm of nature. Life was difficult and unhealthy with long hours and poor conditions. Respiratory disease was common and there was always the danger of losing a limb in the machinery. The mills was cold and drafty in the winter and stifling in the summer, as well as dirty and noisy.

Textiles are classified according to their component of silk, wool, linen,cotton such synthetic fibers as rayon, nylon, polyesters, and some inorganic fibers such as cloth of gold, glass fiber and asbestos cloth.They are also classified as to their structure or weave according to the manner in which warp and weft cross each other in the loom. Value or quality in textiles depends on several factors, such as the quality of the raw materials used and the character of the yarn spun from the fibers weather clean, smooth fine or coarse and whether hard,soft or medium twisted. Density of weave and finishing processes are also important elements in determining the quality of fabrics.